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Nyongo working dead

A tún ń pè é ní: nyongo, ekongi, kupe, Mount Kupe zombies
Ìtàn àtẹnudẹ́nu àti àròsọÒkúOṣó1900 sí 1967

Nyongo is a Cameroonian witchcraft belief in which the newly rich are suspected of killing their kin by occult means and putting them to work as the living dead. The victims toil unseen on Mount Kupe, in Bakossi country, to build their owner's fortune. Anthropologists link the belief to colonial plantation agriculture and, later, to economic crisis. It is one of the best-studied African parallels to the Haitian zombi, and like it turns on the theft of a dead person's labour.123

⚔️ Bá a jà
Ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ tí a kọ sílẹ̀
1950
Legends current from around the Second World War; first described by the anthropologist Edwin Ardener in the 1950s
Orírun
Cameroonian (Bakweri, Bakossi and neighbouring peoples)
Cameroon
Ohun tó fà á
Oṣó
Members of a secret witch society are believed to 'sell' relatives, who seem to die but are taken from the grave to work.
Bí o ṣe di ọ̀kan
A nyongo member makes a relative appear to die, then removes the person from the grave.
Làákàyè
Aláìní làákàyè
Àwọn ibi tó lẹ̀
  • witch-finding: villages paid the witch-hunter Obasi Njom to cleanse them
  • suspected members were beheaded or buried face down so they would not rise as ekongi

Ìgbà wo ló kọ́kọ́ farahàn?

Ayé àtijọ́
Sáà Àárín
1500 sí 1899
1900 sí 1967
1968 sí 1999
2000 sí 2009
2010 títí di òní
1950

Legends current from around the Second World War; first described by the anthropologist Edwin Ardener in the 1950s

àkọsílẹ̀ pápá

Ohun tí àwọn orísun sọ

1

The victims' labour is said to make their owner rich123

2

Dead rats were said to be laid under the 'corpse' to hasten the burial123

3

Tin roofs were taken as a sign of membership, which for a time discouraged people from building modern houses123

4

Children were warned not to pick up coins from the ground, which might be bait123

5

Accusations rose sharply after the economic crisis of the late 1980s123

6

A 1992 road accident that killed schoolchildren was blamed on a headmaster 'giving' them to the society123

Àwọn orísun

  1. Nyongo society - Wikipedia
  2. Vivian Besem Ojong, 'The Working-Dead in Nyongo Occult Economy in Cameroonian Society', Journal of Dharma 37 (2012)
  3. Zombies - Encyclopedia.com

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Sáà kan náà: 1900 sí 1967

AmalanhigVisayan (Philippines), 1967Felicia Felix-MentorHaitian, 1937