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Ifayela No. 072 kwangu-446

Nyongo working dead

Ibuye libizwe: nyongo, ekongi, kupe, Mount Kupe zombies
Amasiko nezinganekwaneAbangafiUbuthakathi1900 kuya ku-1967

Nyongo is a Cameroonian witchcraft belief in which the newly rich are suspected of killing their kin by occult means and putting them to work as the living dead. The victims toil unseen on Mount Kupe, in Bakossi country, to build their owner's fortune. Anthropologists link the belief to colonial plantation agriculture and, later, to economic crisis. It is one of the best-studied African parallels to the Haitian zombi, and like it turns on the theft of a dead person's labour.123

⚔️ Lwa nayo
Kuqoshwe kuqala
1950
Legends current from around the Second World War; first described by the anthropologist Edwin Ardener in the 1950s
Imvelaphi
Cameroonian (Bakweri, Bakossi and neighbouring peoples)
I-Cameroon
Okuyibangela
Ubuthakathi
Members of a secret witch society are believed to 'sell' relatives, who seem to die but are taken from the grave to work.
Indlela oba ngayo yinye
A nyongo member makes a relative appear to die, then removes the person from the grave.
Ubuhlakani
Abangenamqondo
Izindawo ezibuthaka
  • witch-finding: villages paid the witch-hunter Obasi Njom to cleanse them
  • suspected members were beheaded or buried face down so they would not rise as ekongi

Yaqala nini ukuvela?

Izwe lasendulo
Ezikhathini Eziphakathi
1500 kuya ku-1899
1900 kuya ku-1967
1968 kuya ku-1999
2000 kuya ku-2009
2010 kuya namuhla
1950

Legends current from around the Second World War; first described by the anthropologist Edwin Ardener in the 1950s

amanothi ensimini

Okushiwo yimithombo

1

The victims' labour is said to make their owner rich123

2

Dead rats were said to be laid under the 'corpse' to hasten the burial123

3

Tin roofs were taken as a sign of membership, which for a time discouraged people from building modern houses123

4

Children were warned not to pick up coins from the ground, which might be bait123

5

Accusations rose sharply after the economic crisis of the late 1980s123

6

A 1992 road accident that killed schoolchildren was blamed on a headmaster 'giving' them to the society123

Imithombo

  1. Nyongo society - Wikipedia
  2. Vivian Besem Ojong, 'The Working-Dead in Nyongo Occult Economy in Cameroonian Society', Journal of Dharma 37 (2012)
  3. Zombies - Encyclopedia.com

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Inkathi efanayo: 1900 kuya ku-1967

AmalanhigVisayan (Philippines), 1967Felicia Felix-MentorHaitian, 1937