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Nyongo working dead

Také zvaný: nyongo, ekongi, kupe, Mount Kupe zombies
Folklór a mýtyNemrtvýČarodějnictvíOd 1900 do 1967

Nyongo is a Cameroonian witchcraft belief in which the newly rich are suspected of killing their kin by occult means and putting them to work as the living dead. The victims toil unseen on Mount Kupe, in Bakossi country, to build their owner's fortune. Anthropologists link the belief to colonial plantation agriculture and, later, to economic crisis. It is one of the best-studied African parallels to the Haitian zombi, and like it turns on the theft of a dead person's labour.123

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První záznam
1950
Legends current from around the Second World War; first described by the anthropologist Edwin Ardener in the 1950s
Původ
Cameroonian (Bakweri, Bakossi and neighbouring peoples)
Kamerun
Co ho způsobuje
Čarodějnictví
Members of a secret witch society are believed to 'sell' relatives, who seem to die but are taken from the grave to work.
Jak se jím stanete
A nyongo member makes a relative appear to die, then removes the person from the grave.
Inteligence
Bezmozký
Slabá místa
  • witch-finding: villages paid the witch-hunter Obasi Njom to cleanse them
  • suspected members were beheaded or buried face down so they would not rise as ekongi

Kdy se poprvé objevil?

Starověk
Středověk
Od 1500 do 1899
Od 1900 do 1967
Od 1968 do 1999
Od 2000 do 2009
Od 2010 do dneška
1950

Legends current from around the Second World War; first described by the anthropologist Edwin Ardener in the 1950s

terénní poznámky

Co říkají zdroje

1

The victims' labour is said to make their owner rich123

2

Dead rats were said to be laid under the 'corpse' to hasten the burial123

3

Tin roofs were taken as a sign of membership, which for a time discouraged people from building modern houses123

4

Children were warned not to pick up coins from the ground, which might be bait123

5

Accusations rose sharply after the economic crisis of the late 1980s123

6

A 1992 road accident that killed schoolchildren was blamed on a headmaster 'giving' them to the society123

Zdroje

  1. Nyongo society - Wikipedia
  2. Vivian Besem Ojong, 'The Working-Dead in Nyongo Occult Economy in Cameroonian Society', Journal of Dharma 37 (2012)
  3. Zombies - Encyclopedia.com

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Stejná doba: Od 1900 do 1967

AmalanhigVisayan (Philippines), 1967Felicia Felix-MentorHaitian, 1937