The Lancet zombi cases (FI, WD and MM)

با نام دیگر: Littlewood and Douyon cases

In 1997 a British anthropologist-psychiatrist and a Haitian physician published the only clinical study of people identified in Haiti as zombis. They examined three individuals whose families said they had died and been buried years earlier. All three had psychiatric or neurological conditions, and genetic testing showed that at least two were strangers taken in by bereaved families. The paper remains the main medical evidence that the living zombi is a social diagnosis applied to vulnerable, wandering people.1 2

⚔️ مبارزه بده

اولین ثبت

1997

Published by Roland Littlewood and Chavannes Douyon in The Lancet, 1997

خاستگاه

Haitian

هائیتی

چه چیزی باعثش می‌شود

دیگر

Families attributed each case to sorcery; the investigators diagnosed mental illness, brain damage and learning disability, with mistaken identity in two cases.

چطور یکی از آن‌ها می‌شوید

Each had died young after a short illness, been buried, and was 'recognised' by relatives years later.

چطور حرکت می‌کند

تلوتلو

One was noticed walking through a market in a detached, shambling manner.

اولین بار کِی ظاهر شد؟

دنیای باستان

قرون وسطی

۱۵۰۰ تا ۱۸۹۹

۱۹۰۰ تا ۱۹۶۷

۱۹۶۸ تا ۱۹۹۹

۲۰۰۰ تا ۲۰۰۹

۲۰۱۰ تا امروز

1997

Published by Roland Littlewood and Chavannes Douyon in The Lancet, 1997

یادداشت‌های میدانی

منابع چه می‌گویند

FI, a woman buried beside her house, was identified three years later wandering near her village1 2

WD, dead at 18, was identified by his family at a cockfight eight years after his burial1 2

MM was seen in a town market thirteen years after her death at 181 2

Examination with EEG and CT scans found catatonic schizophrenia, epilepsy with brain damage, and a developmental learning disability1 2

DNA and fingerprint tests showed that two of the three were not the dead relatives at all1 2

The authors did find tetrodotoxin in samples of bokors' powder, but thought misidentification the likelier general explanation1 2

می‌توانستید از دستش فرار کنید؟

رده‌ی سرعت بر اساس توصیف منابع (تلوتلو)، نه اندازه‌گیری.

The Lancet zombi cases (FI, WD and MM) حدود 3 km/h

شما، در حال راه رفتن حدود 5 km/h

شما، در حال دویدن آرام حدود 10 km/h

یک بزرگسال ورزیده در حال دوی سرعت حدود 24 km/h

یک دوچرخه‌سوار سریع حدود 37 km/h

منابع

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افسانه‌های همین سرزمین‌ها

Zombi (Haitian)Haitian (Vodou folklore), 1750

Clairvius NarcisseHaitian, 1980

Felicia Felix-MentorHaitian, 1937