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Hortlak

Einnig kallaður: hortdan, xortdan, cadı, obur

Hortlak is the everyday Turkish word for a dead person who climbs back out of the grave. Ottoman judges and muftis were asked to rule on such cases from at least the 16th century and authorised staking or burning the bodies, much as Christian authorities did in the Balkans. Related figures appear among the Azerbaijanis (xortdan) and Tatars. The tradition shows that the walking-corpse panic of south-eastern Europe was shared across the religious frontier.12

⚔️ Berjast við hann
Fyrst skráður
1550
Cases involving hortlaks appear in Ottoman kadı court records from the mid-16th century
Uppruni
Turkish and wider Turkic
Tyrkland, Aserbaídsjan
Hvað veldur því
Aldrei útskýrt
The dead person does not stay dead; Ottoman usage often attributes this to the deceased having been a witch (cadı).
Hvernig maður verður einn
A corpse that fails to decay in the grave, often that of a reputed witch or sorcerer.
Greind
Nokkur greind
Veikir blettir
  • a stake through the heart or body
  • burning
  • decapitation
  • quicklime poured on the corpse
  • throwing the body into a river

Hvenær kom hann fyrst fram?

Fornöld
Miðaldir
1500 til 1899
1900 til 1967
1968 til 1999
2000 til 2009
2010 til dagsins í dag
1550

Cases involving hortlaks appear in Ottoman kadı court records from the mid-16th century

vettvangsglósur

Hvað heimildir segja

1

The name comes from the Turkish verb hortlamak, to come up out of the grave12

2

The traveller Evliya Çelebi defined obur as witches, sorcerers and those who rise from their graves12

3

Ottoman fatwas permitted exhuming and destroying corpses that returned to trouble the living12

4

Risen cadıs were blamed for throwing stones, moving objects and possessing animals12

5

In 1826 former Janissaries at Tırnova were publicly branded as risen dead, a case historians read as political12

Heimildir

  1. Hortdan - Wikipedia
  2. Vampires in Turkish Culture - KÜRE Encyclopedia

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Sama tímabil: 1500 til 1899